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Shortages in Venezuela
Shortages in Venezuela have been prevalent following the enactment of price controls and other policies during the economic policy of the Hugo Chávez government. Under the economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro government, greater shortages occurred due to the Venezuelan government's policy of withholding United States dollars from importers with price controls. Shortages occur in regulated products, such as milk, various types of meat, chicken, coffee, rice, oil, precooked flour, butter prices; and also basic necessities like toilet paper, personal hygiene products, medicine and even breast implants.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://acn.com.ve/la-escasez-tambien-frena-tratamientos-contra-cancer/ )〕 As a result of the shortages, Venezuelans must search for food, wait in lines for hours and sometimes settle without having certain products.
== Background ==
In 2003, the government created CADIVI (now CENCOEX), a currency control board charged with handling foreign exchange procedures in order to control capital flight by placing currency limits on individuals.〔CADIVI, (CADIVI, una medidia necesaria )〕 Such currency controls have been determined to be the cause of shortages according to many economists and other experts. However, the Venezuelan government blamed other entities for shortages, such as the CIA, smugglers, and has stated that an "economic war" has been declared on Venezuela.〔〔〔
Before the Nicolas Maduro presidency, Venezuela faced occasional shortages due to high inflation and financial inefficiencies of the Bolivarian government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/bringing-venezuelas-economic-crisis-focus )〕 An increase in shortages began to occur in 2005, with 5% of items being unavailable according to the Central Bank of Venezuela. In January 2008, 24.7% of goods were reported to not be available in Venezuela with the scarcity of goods remaining high until May 2008 when there was a shortage of 16.3% of goods. However, shortages increased again in January 2012 to nearly the same rate as 2008.〔 Shortage rates continued to increase and reached a new record high of 28% in February 2014. Venezuela has stopped reporting its shortage data after the rate stood at 28%. In January 2015, the hashtag ''AnaquelesVaciosEnVenezuela'' or ''EmptyShelvesInVenezuela'' was the number 1 ''trending topic'' on Twitter in Venezuela for two days, with Venezuelans posting pictures of empty store shelves around the country.
In August 2015, American private intelligence agency company Stratfor used two satellite images of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela's main port of imported goods, to show how severe shortages became in Venezuela. One image from February 2012 showed the ports full of shipping containers when the Venezuelan government's spending was near a historic high for the 2012 Venezuela presidential election. A second image from June 2015 shows the port with much fewer containers since the Venezuelan government could no longer afford to import goods as oil revenues dropped.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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